a female given name

pain, anguish, suffering, discomfort, hardship, worry / (Buddhism) dukkha, suffering

suffering / (Buddhism) dukkha

right by one's ear

wild; field

a surname

wild / rustic, unsophisticated

field, plain / natural, pristine / rough / bare, open / extant, scope, sphere / civil, non-governmental / (baseball) ground / Short for 下野国 (Shimotsuke no kuni): Shimotsuke Province

an area, field / a private or civil matter

(archaic) rustic, unsophisticated