非公式: being unofficial, informality

氷上: a surname

sickness and health start with the mind; one can become better or worse due to the state of mind

inherited disease

brucellosis

"to pull the chin": to fix one's posture, notably by moving one's head backwards (and not literally drawing in one's chin as if nodding)

sick father

to have a long, trailing portion

to pull the strings (control behind the scenes) / to create strands / to draw a line

(mathematics) a kind of grid used in 和算 (wasan, “traditional Japanese mathematics”) to calculate higher-order functions / (mathematics) an abacus