The 10-syllable interjection used to count down, syllable by syllable, in daruma-san ga koronda

octopus sausage (wiener sausage with cuts in the base that cause the sausage to curl when cooked, resembling an octopus' limbs)

(Buddhism) complete enlightenment

cut

to steal / secret, private

Synonym of 受動喫煙 (judō kitsuen, “passive smoking”); second-hand smoke

Synonym of 天動説 (tendōsetsu, “geocentrism”)

(mathematics) geometrical

"Historical kana usage", a prescriptive method of using kana to write Japanese. Devised in the Edo period by Keichū (契沖) and taught in schools until 1946, it aims to be etymologically faithful and reflects earlier stages of the language (Heian period and earlier).

humanitarian