(sciences) diagram

a benchmark; an important level, measurement, or standard; a mark

a Chinese character substituted for the original character used in a written expression, usually replacing a complex character with a simpler one

molar (back tooth)

outdated, behind the times

grand mal (seizure)

(politics, historical) a chief counselor in the 太政官 (Daijō-kan, “Great Council of State”, the highest government office under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system)

Same as たいりん (tairin) above.

passing an examination

to pass an examination