see mamori above

(archaic) used when listing an official's titles when there are two or more (compare English cum) / short for 守護 (shugo, “protection, protector”)

(archaic) under the old Ritsuryō system of ancient Japan, the highest of the four ranks of civil servant staff, and general term for head administrators of government departments

(obsolete) see kami above; used in obsolete titles

sphere, globe, orb / (baseball) pitch / (slang, electronics) vacuum tube, valve

spherical object / ball

A piece of rotten wood cannot be turned into something beautiful. That is, a person whose spirit is rotten cannot benefit from education.

地球人: an Earthling; a Terran

地球外: extraterrestrial area

terraforming (planetary engineering)