oversize garbage / (derogatory) a husband who is not at work (retired or on a day off) who just hangs around the house

youth (part of life following childhood)

pedestal / a stand / counter for machines and vehicles / Taiwan

homework

a university; a college

(collective) brothers / (collective, by extension) siblings / (collective, by extension) brothers and sisters; brethren (brotherhood; fellowship)

almost the same, not much difference

being practically the same

Kyūjitai form of 代数学 (“algebra”)

foreign minister