"Historical kana usage", a prescriptive method of using kana to write Japanese. Devised in the Edo period by Keichū (契沖) and taught in schools until 1946, it aims to be etymologically faithful and reflects earlier stages of the language (Heian period and earlier).

expression, wording, way of speaking

a crescent moon on the third day of a lunar month, especially on the eighth lunar month / (by extension) Short for 三日月形 (mikazuki-gata): a crescent moon in general

"Modern kana usage", the method of using kana to write Japanese that has been used after the 1946 (post-war) Japanese national language reform. Unlike its predecessor, it is almost entirely phonetic, reflecting modern language with little ambiguity.

The chestnut or burr rose: a species of rose native to east Asia, Rosa roxburghii. Member of sub-genus Platyrhodon.

Clipping of 一千一夜物語 (Issen'ichiya Monogatari, “One Thousand and One Nights”).

One Thousand and One Nights

(anatomy) an abdominal external oblique muscle

an abductor digiti minimi of hand

"Special kana usage of ancient times": distinctions in the usage of man'yōgana in early Old Japanese works that were quickly lost.