to bear, to carry on one's back / to assume or take a responsibility / to be in a debt of gratitude / to suffer an injury

former, once

to stoop, to bow

chirping / birds singing together

flexibility in one's response, expediency

(see kōsa reading above)

Central Europe

Kyūjitai form of 東欧 (“Eastern Europe”)

Synonym of 北ヨーロッパ (“Northern Europe”) / (loosely) Synonym of スカンジナビア (“Scandinavia”) / (loosely) the Nordics

Obsolete spelling of オーストリア (“Austria (a country)”)