stratum; geological formation; layer; bed (coal, gravel, etc.)

axis, pivot / central figure, key man

(astronomy, archaic) the Big Dipper; Ursa Major

gloss, explanatory notes, annotation

to annotate, to add explanatory notes

moderate; neutral

moderation; neutrality; middle way; middle path / (philosophy) golden mean

Nazi (member of the Nazi Party or a similar party) / (historical) the Nazi Party, Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei

Kyūjitai form of 烏魯木斉

Alternative form of パンチ (“punch”) / a punch (mechanism for punching holes in paper) / punch (beverage)