(affixed to nouns): the shape or form of the affixed noun / (affixed to on'yomi nouns): a typical example of the affixed noun; the type of the affixed noun

shape or form / shapeliness: see 形有り (katachiari) / form, as opposed to substance

(linguistics) grammatical tense / (Japanese grammar) a conjugation form of a verb

one's clothing and appearance / one's body shape or form / one's circumstances or situation / the shape or form of something

following the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb, indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as

shapes

alternative energy, substitute energy

alternative medicine

Kyūjitai form of 参加: participation, commitment

Kyūjitai form of 参加: to participate, to join, to enter