the shaft of an arrow / the cornetfish, members of genus Fistularia (from the long and thin body shape, resembling the shaft of an arrow)

the inherent qualities or characteristics of a thing / a shape, pattern, or design

matter, thing

to use one's head

use one thing for many purposes / work someone hard

bizarre/unsettling text of unclear origin and often of a radical/shocking nature

place or building where stores public records; archive

old documents / (in palaeography) historical documents written to convey a specific intention between a sender and receiver; generally inclusive of written material through the mid-19th century

Mongolia

chaff (inedible parts of grain plant)