used to form adjectives from nouns, reduplications, or the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verbs; an adjective derived by this suffix implies a thorough and certain possession of the quality of the suffixed term:

強いる: to force, to compel / 誣いる: to slander, to defame

forest, woods / objects lined up / silent

a forest (dense collection of trees) / a shrine grove

(idiomatic) support, take someone's side, stand by someone

carry, take, bring (something)

bring (something to a person/place)

(archaic) bring (something to a person/place)

a toy, plaything

(idiomatic) just right, most suitable / bring me...