(obsolete) 過ぐ: classical form of modern 過ぎる (sugiru, “to go through, to go past; to exceed”)

(obsolete) 挿ぐ: classical form of modern 挿げる (sugeru, “to connect or affix one thing to another, especially by passing something through something else”)

直ぐに: immediately

immediately, instantly

(rare) male bear

a straight temper line on a blade

(Classical Japanese, archaic) to pass; to go beyond / (Classical Japanese, archaic) to elapse; to exceed

(と〜) thinking that […] (with the next clause explaining that the truth is contrary to expectations)

to seem, to appear

continuative of the passive of 思う (omou); continuative of 思われる (omowareru)