子音: consonant / 死因: cause of death / 試飲: sample drinking / 私印: private stamp

used to form adjectives from nouns, reduplications, or the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verbs; an adjective derived by this suffix implies a thorough and certain possession of the quality of the suffixed term:

強いる: to force, to compel / 誣いる: to slander, to defame

(religion, folklore) a soul, spirit / mind, spirit, vigor/vigour, willpower / (figuratively) spirit (manner or style of something, enthusiasm) / (figuratively, by extension) attitude, readiness

abhorrent, unpleasant, disgusting, hateful / disastrous, ominous, unlucky

zookeeper

against one's will

Kyūjitai form of 険しい: steep, rugged; grim, stern

Alternative form of 険しい

魂: a soul