a place name, such as that of Toyonaka City in Osaka Prefecture

late at night, the middle of the night / midnight

既に: already

already

already

寿好: a male given name / 久義: a male given name

A term derived from the Sanskrit Tīrthika, and refers to any doctrine which "treads the outer path" to enlightenment. This is opposed to the teachings of orthodox Buddhism, the "Naidō" (内道, lit. "Inner Path"), and is thus considered to be misguided and heretical.

brazen, impudent (abbr. 太々しい)

beard shadow

青髭: Bluebeard