Kyūjitai form of 独立 (“independence”)

協働: collaboration / 共同: cooperation, collaboration / 協同: cooperation, collaboration / 共働: collaboration / 教導: instruction, teaching / 嚮導: guidance

協働: to collaborate / 共同: to cooperate, to collaborate / 協同: to work in cooperation with

opposition / conflict, hostility

(historical) soviet (a form of government in Russia and the ex-USSR since 1905)

Short for ソビエト社会主義共和国連邦 (Sobieto Shakai Shugi Kyōwakoku Renpō, “Union of Soviet Socialist Republics”).

organization (a group of people with a purpose) / system (a group of people) / (biology) tissue (a group of similar cells that function together to do a specific job)

to organize something

paleo-, old, used, previous

collaboration