アセチルサリチル酸: acetylsalicylic acid (acetate ester of salicylic acid; aspirin)

spitting image; dead ringer

アルギン酸: alginic acid

お坊さん: a Buddhist monk (informal)

坊さん: a Buddhist monk (informal)

三才: the "three talents": sky, earth and people / 三歳: three years old / 山菜: mountain vegetables; foraged vegetables / 山塞: mountain stronghold; Chinese counterfeit goods

(colloquial, slang) kidlet

算木: counting rod

名産: famous product, specialty

酸素: oxygen