下書き: rough draft of a text / 下描き: rough sketch of a drawing

capsize, cover, shade, mantle, be ruined

good command of, full use of

to make excellent use of, to have a good command of

(historical) jiedushi (regional military governor in China during the Tang dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period)

The hiragana syllable ふ (fu). Its equivalent in katakana is フ (fu). It is the twenty-eighth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is は行う段 (ha-gyō u-dan, “row ha, section u”).

expresses an ongoing state / expresses reptition

賦: fu (Chinese literary form developed during the times of the Han dynasty that combines prose and poetry) / 麸, 麩: wheat bran; wheat gluten; foods made from wheat gluten, somewhat similar to bread

不: un-, non-, in-

船: ship, vessel, large ship / 舟: boat, ship, small ship