接骨木: Sambucus sieboldiana

亀卜: tortoise shell

A mole that is situated under an eye. Japanese folk belief believes that this is a sign that one is prone to crying.

攴繞: the right-side "rap" radical (攴), e.g. 救

reap, cut (grass or other plants), prune

(Chinese character classification) compound indicatives

Kyūjitai form of 会意: (Chinese character classification) compound indicatives, as in 六書.

downstairs / the foot of the stairs

civilization/modernization (in accordance with Western standards)

to civilize/modernize (in accordance with Western standards)