(dated) Sinuiju (a city in North Korea)

Japan

“a hundred days of sermonizing, one fart” → a metaphor for how something that one has put great effort into can come to nothing after even a slight mistake, much as a hundred days of serious spiritual study can be lost to the winds

the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

United States Virgin Islands (an archipelago and dependent territory of the United States, part of the Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea)

Obsolete spelling of ブラジル (“Brazil (a country)”)

an Atlantic puffin

Misspelling of 伯剌西爾 (“Obsolete spelling of ブラジル (“Brazil (a country)”)”).

(rare, obsolete) Alternative spelling of メキシコ (“Mexico (a country)”)

(historical) a commander sent to subdue rebellions and barbarians in the west