"Historical kana usage", a prescriptive method of using kana to write Japanese. Devised in the Edo period by Keichū (契沖) and taught in schools until 1946, it aims to be etymologically faithful and reflects earlier stages of the language (Heian period and earlier).

a target, a mark, a bullseye / an objective, an object (of doing something)

as far as ... is concerned; in terms of ...

importance

(informal, women's speech) I, me

inside / (Empire of Japan) mainland Japan, as opposed to colonies

soon, before long / someday, eventually

inside / inner / domestic

historian

study of history