Beijing dialect of Mandarin; Pekingese / (by extension) Mandarin Chinese

(standard) Mandarin (literally: Beijing Mandarin)

Chinese (any language spoken in China) / Chinese (class of languages) / Chinese (Mandarin)

the Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori, and Shimane)

China Standard Time

sinicization

(humanities) sinology

China, as opposed to Japan and other islands / mainland China

China proper

Chinese calendar