子音: consonant / 死因: cause of death / 試飲: sample drinking / 私印: private stamp

used to form adjectives from nouns, reduplications, or the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verbs; an adjective derived by this suffix implies a thorough and certain possession of the quality of the suffixed term:

強いる: to force, to compel / 誣いる: to slander, to defame

printing press

years, passing of time, time

月の物: menstruation

menstruation

(attributive, typography) the state of being subscript

face / expression

a person's face / a person's reputation