a Chinese character substituted for the original character used in a written expression, usually replacing a complex character with a simpler one

molar (back tooth)

outdated, behind the times

grand mal (seizure)

(politics, historical) a chief counselor in the 太政官 (Daijō-kan, “Great Council of State”, the highest government office under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system)

Same as たいりん (tairin) above.

passing an examination

to pass an examination

a longbow, a great bow / (more specifically) a Japanese longbow (traditionally 2.25m in length) / a regular-sized bow (in contrast to the small 半弓 (hankyū, “shortbow”))

(politics, historical) the minister of the right, a government position in the 太政官 (Daijō-kan, “Great Council of State”, the highest government office under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system)