for grains of rice; one koku is equal to approximately 180 litres / (by extension, historical) for land of famous daimyo or samurai; one koku is also approximately 180 litres

powder / flour

hips, loins, lower back

carp, specifically, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

cruel, severe, harsh, merciless / extremely, excessively

cruelty, severity, harshness, mercilessness

Thailand (a country in Southeast Asia)

puppy / small dog

(history) the German Democratic Republic

(history) the Federal Republic of Germany (official name of former West Germany) / the Federal Republic of Germany (official name of current Germany)