previous remarks, last statement, earlier words / preamble

a natural phenomenon

(grammar) a Japanese or Korean word that does not inflect and can be used as a grammatical subject

and; and then; and therefore / so; if so; as it is; in that way / however; but / a certain thing; a sort of thing

indicates a state (no specific semantic content)

(archaic, now poetic) farewell; goodbye

but (literary form)

adnominal of 然り (shikari, “to be like so, to be thus”)

自然言語: (linguistics) natural language

自然言語処理: (computing) natural language processing, NLP