変型: a variation, a different form of something / 変形: a transformation; a variation; a metamorphosis / 返景: sunset / 扁形: a flat shape

経済学者: economist

已然形: realis form

累計: cumulative total / 類型, 類形: pattern, type

累計: come to a cumulative total

連用形: An inflectional category; the conjunctive form. This is the base form after which various conjugational endings are added, such as て (te) or ます (masu). See Appendix:Japanese verbs for more details.

経芸: academic study of the Buddhist sutras / 鯨鯢: male and female whales; whales in general; a fierce fish; a major villain, a leader of criminals

重慶: Chongqing

丹桂: golden osmanthus (osmanthus fragrans)

軽銀: aluminium