arduous is the race against time as one grows old. (literally "as the sun goes down, the road remains a long one.")

lowly, base, vulgar; vile

(anatomy) skin / exterior surface

a male given name

Synonym of 部落民 (burakumin)

to sweep / comet / broom

tie, fasten / join / organize / end, conclude

“a hundred days of sermonizing, one fart” → a metaphor for how something that one has put great effort into can come to nothing after even a slight mistake, much as a hundred days of serious spiritual study can be lost to the winds

If one learns without thinking, one will be lost in his learning. That is, if one does not think about what one learns, he will not arrive at the truth of it.

(Buddhism) Kyūjitai form of 摩訶般若波羅蜜多心経 (Heart Sutra)