Jinan (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shandong, in eastern China)

if you don't mind, if you like, if you're so inclined

Ranam (a district of Chongjin, North Hamgyong, North Korea)

【连词】and; but; yet

南欧: Southern Europe

難航: rough time, rough passage / 軟鋼: (metallurgy) mild steel / 軟膏: ointment / 南航: (nautical) southbound / 南郊: southern suburbs / 南行: southbound

難航: have a hard flight, have a rough passage; run into difficulties, have a rough time

柔軟: flexible

柔軟: flexibility, softness

南極: south pole / 難局: crisis / 難曲: difficult musical piece