(mathematics) A Chinese system of algebra for polynomial equations created in 13th century

fantastic, bizarre, incredible

punishment served from heaven; divine punishment / punishment served by another in place of heaven

cultivated rice field

straight / upright / honest / just / fair

天体物理学: astrophysics

continuing unchanged as long as there has been heaven and earth

an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan / (usually in Chinese contexts) an emperor, ruler, or other monarch with a heavenly mandate

used for "spaces" in transcriptions, or as other separators

(linear algebra) transposed matrix