begin; start; initiate; originate

to start doing / to begin

novel, story, fiction

exchange; swap; give-and-take / (mathematics) commutation

to exchange

to hold, to carry something / to have, to possess / to hold up, to maintain

holding, possession / wear, durability

continuative of 持つ

reading / (figuratively) understanding of something, speculation about something

to read (look at and interpret written text) / to read (speak aloud written text) / to infer; to speculate / to count