(politics, historical) the head of the 太政官 (Daijō-kan, “Great Council of State”, the highest government office under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system), equivalent to a “grand minister” or “chancellor of the realm”

urinalysis

to carry out a urinalysis

(obsolete) outsider; an estranged, unfamiliar person / (sometimes derogatory) foreigner, especially foreigner in Japan / (Hawaii) A white person

a lover, a mistress / (archaic) a sweetheart, a loved one / (dated) loving people in general

great person; giant; eminent figure

foreigner, different person

tamper (alter by making unauthorized changes)

barbarian / (derogatory) foreigner

Japanese emigrant