pseudonym, alias, sobriquet, pen name

a pseudonym, an alias, sobriquet, pen name / in feudal Japan, a public name given to boys upon coming of age, after which their birth names would be kept private

smaller kana printed next to (vertical) or above (horizontal) non-kana text as pronunciation guide

okurigana: in written Japanese, the kana added after a kanji to indicate inflection endings, such as the べる (-beru) in 食(た)べる (taberu, “to eat”)

kyūjitai (traditional form of Japanese kanji used before 1947)

the Old World

ex-soldier

be restored to the former state

remains of ruins

hometown