anhydrite

通行人: passerby

紅毛: red hair; an obsolete epithet for the Dutch; an epithet for Westerners in general

孔孟: Confucius and Mencius

抹香: powder incense / 真っ向: direct opposition

分光: a spectrum / 分校: a branch school, a satellite campus / 文公: Duke Wen of Jin (晋文公, Jìn Wén Gōng, 697–628 BCE), a leader of the kingdom of Jin (晉 / 晋) during China's Spring and Autumn Period

分光: to divide light into a spectrum / 聞香: to smell a fragrance

更迭: to reshuffle

鋼鉄: steel / 更迭: reshuffle / 甲鉄: armor

厚遇: kind treatment / 皇宮: imperial palace