Alternative spelling of 割殻 (“skeleton shrimp”)

moderate damage

to sustain moderate damage

(agriculture) cracked egg

reap, cut (grass or other plants), prune

(Chinese character classification) compound indicatives

Kyūjitai form of 会意: (Chinese character classification) compound indicatives, as in 六書.

downstairs / the foot of the stairs

civilization/modernization (in accordance with Western standards)

to civilize/modernize (in accordance with Western standards)