following the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb, indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as

shapes

a female given name / a surname

month of the year

moon / month

a month as a duration of time / (possibly obsolete) month of the year

Short for 月曜日 (getsuyōbi): Monday

moon / month / menstruation, menstrual cycle

(Kansai, historical) during the Edo period, a low rank of low-end prostitute

(archaic, possibly obsolete) crude, unrefined, hickish