continuing unchanged as long as there has been heaven and earth

Kyūjitai form of 中華民国: Republic of China.

(formal) dear sirs, Messrs. (form of address used in formal letters, placed after the name of the organization to address members of that organization)

the Big Dipper, the Plough

(linear algebra) transposed matrix

the Republic of China

transmission, a gearbox (a mechanical assembly of gears that changes the torque and speed of shaft rotations)

horizon on land

brain (person providing intelligence)

battery