(idiomatic) to doubt what one just heard; hearing something surprising

excessive

(calculus) calculus of variations - The form of calculus that deals with the maxima and minima of definite integrals of functions of many variables

chaos, disorder / disorderly

a female given name

the student has surpassed his or her teacher

an enemy / revenge, vengeance / opponent (of the game or conflict) / (archaic, obsolete) marriage partner

an enemy / an opponent, a competitor / (historical) the other party in a lawsuit / 的: (historical) in the red-light district, a term of reference used between prostitutes and customers

的: (historical) (by extension from the red-light district usage) term of third-person reference: that guy, that one

(used after an adjective in the te-form) unbearable / unable to lose to; no match for