(historical) universities of the Empire of Japan

a Classical Japanese adjective with ク活用 (ku-katsuyō, “ku-inflection”)

substitute / alternate / representative / generation

from

first / number one / primary

insult, humiliate, disgrace, shame, offend / grateful, indebted (usu. as a response to gratitude)

asylum seeker (one who seeks asylum)

niece (daughter of one's sibling)

wound, injury

once / before / formerly / ever / never / ex- / lick / lap up / burn up / taste / undergo / underrate / despise