down; below; beneath

the lower portion, end / lowness in degree or rank / the downstream portion of a river / the downriver area / the area farther from the capital / the last part of a month, year, etc.

下書き: rough draft of a text / 下描き: rough sketch of a drawing

ikizukuri, preparing sashimi from living fish or seafood

to be separated from one's close relative for a long time

illegitimacy (being born out of wedlock)

a privately-owned ricefield, especially one under the historical 律令 (Ritsuryō) system

Kyūjitai form of 私鉄 (“private railway”)

(formal) we, us

(honorific) we; us