(Meiji and Taishō period) student / (later) a student who helps with housework in exchange for lodging

the main text (as opposed to appendices etc.) / an official document (as opposed to a draft) / an original document (as opposed to a copy)

to sign

observation, findings / view, opinion, remark

(historical, collective, feudalism) noblemen, especially those with familial ties to an East Asian 皇帝 (kōtei, “huangdi; emperor”), who were ranked by the 五爵 (goshaku, “five ranks”)

beginning of autumn

early spring / the first month in the lunar calendar

(uncommon) temporary, provisional

(uncommon) something temporary or provisional

(uncommon) to do something temporarily, to put something temporary in place