bright / light, lamp / clarifying / passing to the next in time / graceful, respectful / (Buddhism) passing of knowledge, scholarship, or study

(Buddhism) knowledge or wisdom that dispels the darkness of ignorance and brings to the realization of truth; enlightenment / (Buddhism) an esoteric mantra

the Ming dynasty (1368-1644)

a male given name

bright / light / clear

in heaps

red (color) / communism, socialism / a communist

entirely

grime

scum / dirt