below / under / down / lower / beneath

下書き: rough draft of a text / 下描き: rough sketch of a drawing

The hiragana syllable ろ (ro). Its equivalent in katakana is ロ (ro). It is the forty-third syllable in the gojūon order; its position is ら行お段 (ra-gyō o-dan, “row ra, section o”).

炉: furnace, kiln

(endearing) denotes endearment

理論: a theory

論: theory, argument, view

論理: logic

ロシア, 露西亜, 魯西亜: Russia (country)

蘆薈: aloe (plant of the genus Aloe) / 櫓櫂, 艪櫂: oars and paddles; area for handling the oars and paddles on each side of the boat