element in compounds, referring to things imported from China or Korea, or from other foreign lands

(historical) shortly before and during the Edo period, foreign lands in general

the Gaya confederacy / (archaic) the Korean peninsula / (archaic) China, especially during the Han dynasty

東漢 (Yamato no Aya) / 西漢 (Kawachi no Aya)

(slang) Rare spelling of 男 (“man”).

a surname

a relationship is stronger after conflict

to prepare before it is too late

grandson

(business) a subsidiary of a subsidiary