A fallacy of inferring that since one knows (or does not know) something by one description, one must know (or not know) it by another, as in "I know who my father is. I do not know who the masked man is. Therefore, my father is not the masked man."

The logical fallacy of attempting to retain an unreasoned assertion by excluding the case given in a counterexample, as in: "No Scotsman puts sugar on his porridge." "I am Scottish, and I put sugar on my porridge." "Well, no true Scotsman puts sugar on his porridge."

The fallacy of ignoring differences in data while stressing the similarities.

The phenomenon where somebody justifies an increased investment of money or other resources based on the cumulative prior investment (the sunk costs), despite new evidence suggesting that the cost of continuing now outweighs the expected benefit.

plural of no true Scotsman fallacy

plural of base rate fallacy

plural of masked man fallacy

plural of sunk costs fallacy

The logical error of discounting the possibility of something in which the arguer ignores contradictory evidence on the basis of past experience.

plural of black swan fallacy