A set of principles and practices through which research outputs are distributed online, free of access charges or other barriers.

A legal principle requiring judicial proceedings to be conducted in a transparent manner and with the oversight of the people, so as to safeguard the rights of those subject to the power of the court and to allow for the scrutiny of the public in general.

(business, accounting) Expense which is related to the operation of a business.

(business, accounting)

(military, international law) A city which has announced it has abandoned all defensive efforts, generally in the event of the imminent capture.