Synonym of paradox of thrift

A particular paradox in mathematical logic; the type-theoretic analogue of Russell's paradox from set theory.

A form of self-referential logical paradox associated with statements of the form "All Cretans are liars" (spoken by Epimenedes, himself a Cretan, who must therefore be lying).

Synonym of unexpected hanging paradox

(game theory) The paradox whereby a combination of losing strategies (such as alternating between two games that each, played individually, would result in an overall loss) may give a winning strategy.

(probability theory) The counterintuitive observation that a random group of people needs to have only 23 members before there is a 50% chance of two of them having the same birthday.

(programming) The situation where a programmer sees less powerful programming languages than those he/she knows as lacking in important features, but more powerful ones as having bizarre or unnecessary features.

An apparent paradox within the subjectivistic interpretation of probability theory, in which two people wager over whose necktie is cheapest, with the owner of the more expensive tie giving it to the other. Taking the wager seems to be to the advantage of both people.

(economics) The phenomenon that uncertainty about future prices can theoretically push rational consumers to temporarily trade away their preferred consumption goods (or currency) for non-preferred goods (or currency), as part of a plan to trade back to the preferred consumption goods after prices become clearer.

(computing, robotics) The observation that, contrary to traditional assumptions, reasoning (which is high-level in humans) requires very little computation, but sensorimotor skills (comparatively low-level in humans) require enormous computational resources.