(historical) A former country, the name for a leftist state in Europe and Africa that existed from 1931 to 1939.

An autonomous republic of Azerbaijan, a landlocked exclave.

Country situated north of Greece and west of Bulgaria on the Balkan Peninsula, formerly partially recognised as the Republic of Macedonia.

A former country in Southern Africa, the official English name of the Transvaal "Boer republic" state that existed from 1852 to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland's annexation of it in 1902.

(history) An anticapitalist country that existed from 1978 to 1992.

(history) An anticapitalist country that existed from 1946 until 1990.

(history) An anticapitalist country that existed from 1948 until 1990.

(history) An anticapitalist country that existed from 1947 until 1989

(history) An anticapitalist country that existed from 1949 until 1989.

(historical) A Marxist-Leninist country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989, the predecessor of the current Republic of Poland.