(physics) the reversible change in temperature that accompanies the change of magnetization of a ferromagnetic or paramagnetic material

(physics) The total expulsion of magnetic flux from the interior of a superconducting metal when it is cooled in a magnetic field below a critical temperature, near absolute zero, at which the transition to superconductivity takes place.

(physics) the resonant and recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma rays by atoms in the solid state; the basis of a type of spectroscopy with applications in both physics and chemistry

(physics) The splitting of single spectral lines into three (or more) in the presence of a magnetic field.

(physics) the magnetic self-attraction of parallel electric currents having the same direction; the restriction of a flowing plasma because of this attraction

(physics) the inelastic scattering of photons with subsequent change in frequency and phase; employed in Raman spectroscopy

(physics) the splitting and shift of a spectral line into several components in the presence of an electric field

(sociology) the observation that people often do or believe what they think many other people do.

(physics) The generation of an electric current in an intermetallic semiconductor in a magnetic field by the action of light.

(physics) The emission of electrons from the surface of a material following the absorption of electromagnetic radiation.