(grammar) case of address, case used for a noun identifying the person or thing being addressed. It corresponds to the archaic English particle "O" as used in solemn or poetic address e.g.: Hear me, O Albion! Languages that regularly employ the vocative include Arabic, Bulgarian, Czech, Georgian, Greek, Hawaiian, Hindi-Urdu, Irish, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Ojibwe, Polish, Romanian, Ruthenian/Rusyn, Sanskrit, Scottish Gaelic, Serbo-Croatian, Slovak, Tamil and Ukrainian.

(grammar) A noun case used to express means or agency—and is generally indicated in English by by or with with the objective. Languages that use the instrumental case include Armenian, Serbo-Croatian, Czech, Dyirbal, Georgian, Latvian, Slovene, Polish, Quechua, Russian, Assamese, Turkish and Sanskrit. Extinct languages that used the instrumental case include Old English, Old Saxon and Old High German.

(grammar) noun case serving as object of a preposition. Prepositions that often govern the prepositional case include "about", "in", "on", and "near". Russian is an example of a language that uses the prepositional case.

Alternative spelling of lowercase

A case designed to protect musical instruments during travel.

(grammar) A noun case used to specify a time. In English, this is usually expressed by the preposition "at," as in "at six o’clock," "at midnight," "at Christmas." Hungarian is a language that uses the temporal case.

(grammar) Noun case used to indicate location on an object. In English, it roughly corresponds to the prepositions "on" or "on top of", as in "on top of the house". Hungarian is a language that uses the superessive case.

(grammar) A grammatical case used to express the lack or absence of something. It has the meaning of the English preposition without or the affix -less.

(grammar) A case used to express the lack or absence of something. It has the meaning of the English preposition "without." The caritive case is found in some Caucasian languages.

(grammar) case used to indicate movement from an object. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositions from or off of, as in "down off of the house." Hungarian is a language that uses the delative case, see -ról.